{Rhomboids P135}
{Rhomboids connect to the vertebral boarders of the scapulas and to the thoracic vertebrae }
{Rhomboids to Erector Spinae P136}
{Erector Spinae from bodybuilder}
{Erector Spinae group}
{Erector Spinae P137}
{Erector Spinae these muscles run the whole length of the back from the bottom of the neck to the hip below}
{Romboids – Latissimus Dorsi – Leavator Scapula}
Rhomboid }
Serratus Muscles: There are three different types of serratus muscles. The first is the front one called, the Serratus Anterior (Anterior means “Front”). Second, there are two “posterior” Serratus muscles. (Posterior means “Back” or “Behind”).
A) Serratus Posterior “Superior“(Superior means “Above”)
B) Serratus Posterior “Inferior” (Inferior means “Below”)…..
Action: Serratus Anterior : It protracts the scapula (pulls the scapula towards the front of the body).
Attachment: The Serratus Anterior originates on the surface of the 1st to 8th ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the Scapula between the superior and inferior angles and inserted along the thoracic vertebrae.
Pain : When the Serratus Anterior is aggravated, pain is felt in the lateral front/side of the mid-chest area, the lower portion of the inferior angle of the scapula, and may project down the medial aspect of the arm. People may complain of pain during deep breathing or a cramp in the ribs while running. People also have difficulty laying on the affected side. A person may also complain of shortness of breath or cannot take a deep breath due to pain. Sometimes, a person may not be able to finish a full sentence without the need to take a breathe.
Serratus Posterior Superior
{Serratus Posterior Superior & Inferior}
Attachment: Serratus Posterior Superior(above): runs from the spinous processes of the C6 to T2 vertebrae laterally to the 2nd to 5th ribs. This muscle is covered by the rhomboids and the trapezious.
Action: The Serratus Posterior Sperior raises the ribs to which it attaches, expanding the chest and aiding respiration. Other muscles that act with the serratus posterior superior include the scalenes, diaphragm, intercostal costal (rib) muscles.
Pain: Pain from the Serratus Posterior Superior and is often described as a constant “deep ache” under the upper portion of the scapula. Pain can extend down the posterior aspect of the shoulder and arm to the ulnar side of the forearm, hand and little finger. It sometimes manifests as numbness into the C8-T1 distribution of the hand. The pain often increases when the patient performs movement that causes the scapula to press against the trigger points of the Serratus Posterior Superior. Movements include lifting objects with outstretched hands, such as reaching overhead to put something away. Sleeping on the same side can also cause the scapula to press against the trigger points and in most cases can be strained and aggravated by aggressive coughing.
Attachment: Serratus Posterior Inferior (below) muscle: originates from the deep muscles of the back of the trunk as well as the spinous processes of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae. It ascends to the to the 9th to 12th ribs. The latissimus dorsi lies above this muscle.
Action: The Serratus Posterior Inferior (Below) produces rotation and bilateral contraction of the spine. Unlike the other serratus muscles discussed, it does not contribute much to exhalation or inhalation.
Pain in the Serratus Posterior Inferior is felt in the lower rib area and across the back. It’s usually in the same area of the muscle itself. Someone with this aggravation will describe it as a annoying aches.
{Serratus Posterior Inferior}
Both the Serratus Superior and Inferior are known to be among the secondary back muscles. Therefore, their nerve supply comes from the posterior branches of the spinal nerves.
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{Gastrocnemius P154}
{Gastrocnemius p155}
Soleus
Action: The soleus as a major contributor in ones walking motion (Normal Gate). One of the most frequently used muscles in the body, the soleus, originates just below the knee on the posterior surface of the tibia and the posterior fibula. The soleus muscle is responsible for plantar flexion and acts as an antagonist to the anterior tibialis by limiting the amount of dorsiflexion in the foot. When the soleus muscle is injured or stressed, the body mechanics can be extremely compromised.
Pain: Primary symptoms of Soleus pain are heel pain and restriction in ankle flection Walking uphill or up and down stairs can be very difficult due to pain and tenderness . Leaving the soleus muscle in a shortened position for a prolonged period of time, as when women wear high-heels. Anything that cuts off circulation a
Attachment: The Soleus attaches above from the upper portions of the bones of the lower leg (the tibia and fibula), and joins with the gastrocnemius to attach with the Achilles tendon at the heel bone (Calcaneus).
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Wrist Flexors and Extensors
{Wrist Flexors & Extensors p130}
{Biceps Brachii / Barchialis p 127}
{Biceps Brachii. Notice the split at the top where the tendon goes in 2 directions. The Long Head goes up into the shoulder joint across the Head of the Humerus along the Bicipital Groove into the shoulder socket (AKA Glenoid) and the other connect to a notch off the shoulder blade (coracoid process}
{Arm flexion of the biceps. The pic on the left is extension of the biceps and elbow joint. The right pic is flexion of the biceps and elbow joint.}
{Biceps Brachii / Barchialis p 128}
{Brachialis – Corico Brachialis}
{Biceps Brachii – Barchialis – Corico Brachialis}
{Biceps Brachii— –Brachioradialis assists the biceps brachii and brachialis in flexing the elbow –Biceps Brachialis}
{Triceps has three heads. From top the 1st head connects to the Scapula, the 2nd to the Head of the Humerus & the 3rd to the shaft of the Humerus. Below it connects below to elbow joint (Olecranon Process)}
{Triceps p127}
{Triceps Connection with Rotator Cuff and Latissimus}
{Rear view of Triceps in relations to the shoulder joint (Glenoid Fossa)}
{Triceps from shoulder joint (head of the humerus-rear view (posterior) to elbow joint (Olecranon)}
{Triceps p 128)
{Rotator Cuff-Infaspinatus, Supraspinatous & Teres Minor, Subscapularis}
{Rotator Cuff p120}
{Rotator cuff muscles from 4 angles}
{Rotator Cuff p 121}
{Infaspinatus & Teres Minor}
{Supraspinatus p122}
{Supraspinatus sitting in the Supraspinatus Fossa}
{Subsacpularis p 123}
{Subscapularis This is the back part of the shoulder blade (Scapula). We are seeing it from the front of the chest with the ribs removed. Notice the entire scapula is occupied and it attaches to the front (Anterior) portion of the head of the Humerus}
{Rotator Cuff p124}
{Infraspinatus / Teres Monor p 125}
{ Infraspinatus and Teres Monor}
{Rotator Cuff Exercises p 126}
{Rotator Cuff p127}
(Also See Rotator Cuff Injuries)
{Deltoid Page 118}
{Deltoid in 3d. Notice the 3 different fiber arrangements that are separating the deltoid into the three regions Front-Side-Back (Anterior-Lateral-Posterior}
{Deltoid muscle split up into its 3 regions according to the direction the fibers run. Front-Side-Rear (Anterior-Lateral-Posterior}
{Deltoids p119}
Deltoid Page 120
{Hamstrings Semitendinosus and semimembranosus Biceps Femoris}
{Hamstring Injury on the Biceps Femorus)
{Hamstrings p 142}
{Hamstrings p 143}
{Glutes–Hamstrings and illiopsoas rear view (posterior) Notice how the Gluteus Maximus covers the connection of all the hamstrings to the Butt Bone (Ischial Tuberosity}
{Hip “Ab”-ductors Gluteus-Maximus-Medius and Minimus also included is the Piriformis}
{Gluteus Maximus p144}
{Gluteus-Maximus}
{Gluteus Maximus}
{Gluteus Medius p145}
{Gluteus-Medius}
{Tensor Facia Lata aka IT Band (iliotibial Band)}
{Gluteus Minimus p146}
{Gluteus-Minimus}
{Ad-ductor-muscles Pectineus,Gracilis,Adductor Longus- Magnus and Brevis}
{Adductors p148}
{ Adductor Magnus}
{Adductor Brevis}
{Adductor Longus}
{Adductors Con’t p149}
{Gracilis attaches to the ischial tuberosity and attaches below to medial condyle of the femur}
{Pectineus}
